Abstract
BackgroundChemotherapy is one of the most common treatment options for breast cancer (BC) patients. However, about half of the BC patients are chemotherapeutic resistant. Doxorubicin (DOX) is considered as one of the first line drugs in the treatment of BC patients whose function is negatively affected by multi drug resistance. Due to the severe side effects of DOX, it is very important to diagnose the DOX resistant BC patients. Therefore, assessment of molecular mechanisms involved in DOX resistance can improve the clinical outcomes in BC patients by introducing the novel therapeutic and diagnostic molecular markers. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) as members of the non-coding RNAs family have pivotal roles in various cellular processes including cell proliferation and apoptosis. Therefore, aberrant miRNAs functions and expressions can be associated with tumor progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. Moreover, due to miRNAs stability in body fluids, they can be considered as non-invasive diagnostic markers for the DOX response in BC patients.Main bodyIn the present review, we have summarized all of the miRNAs that have been reported to be associated with DOX resistance in BC for the first time in the world.ConclusionsSince, DOX has severe side effects; it is required to distinguish the non DOX-responders from responders to improve the clinical outcomes of BC patients. This review highlights the miRNAs as pivotal regulators of DOX resistance in breast tumor cells. Moreover, the present review paves the way of introducing a non-invasive panel of prediction markers for DOX response among BC patients.
Highlights
Developmental factors and signaling pathways Developmental signaling pathways such as WNT and NOTCH have pivotal roles in DOX response of breast tumor cells which can be regulated by miRNAs (Fig. 1)
Since, DOX has severe side effects; it is required to distinguish the non DOX-responders from responders to improve the clinical outcomes of breast cancer (BC) patients
The present review paves the way of introducing a non-invasive panel of prediction markers for DOX response among BC patients
Summary
DOX is one of the common first line chemotherapeutic drugs used for BC treatment; there is a high ratio of DOX resistance among the BC patients. DOX has severe side effects; it is required to distinguish the non DOX-responders from responders and clarify the molecular mechanisms involved in DOX resistance to provide novel efficient therapeutic modalities to improve the clinical outcomes of BC patients. MiRNAs are important factors involved in drug resistance through regulation of drug efflux, DNA repair, cell cycle, and signaling pathways. They are non-invasive and more stable factors compared with mRNAs. This review highlights the miRNAs as pivotal regulators of DOX resistance in breast tumor cells. Present review paves the way of introducing a non-invasive panel of prediction markers for DOX response among BC patients
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