Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding single-stranded RNAs containing about 22 nucleotides that regulate a variety of cellular processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, etc. Recent studies have suggested an important role of miRNAs in the initiation and progression of human malignancies. Some miRNAs may function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. Changes in the expression of several miRNAs have been observed in melanoma cell lines. For example, the expressions of miRNA-221 and miRNA-222 are reported to be upregulated in melanoma, and they can accelerate malignant transformation of melanoma cells by downregulating p27Kip1/CDKN1B and c-KIT receptor pathways. Therefore, miRNA-221 and miRNA-222 may function as oncogenes in melanoma. In contrast, miRNA-137, miRNA-34a, miRNA-199a and let-7 family members (such as let-7a and let-7b) can downregulate the expression of relevant target genes and they function as tumor suppressors in melanoma. To study the regulation of melanoma-associated gene expression by miRNAs would point to new regulatory mechanism of early melanoma initiation and blaze a way in targeted therapy in future. Key words: Melanoma; Neoplasms; microRNAs
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