MicroRNA Signature in Melanoma: Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets.

Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard,Mahdi Gholipour,Mohammad Taheri

doi:10.3389/fonc.2021.608987

Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard, Mahdi Gholipour + Show 1 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2021.608987

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Abstract

Melanoma is the utmost fatal kind of skin neoplasms. Molecular changes occurring during the pathogenic processes of initiation and progression of melanoma are diverse and include activating mutations in BRAF and NRAS genes, hyper-activation of PI3K/AKT pathway, inactivation of p53 and alterations in CDK4/CDKN2A axis. Moreover, several miRNAs have been identified to be implicated in the biology of melanoma through modulation of expression of genes being involved in these pathways. In the current review, we provide a summary of the bulk of information about the role of miRNAs in the pathobiology of melanoma, their possible application as biomarkers and their emerging role as therapeutic targets for this kind of skin cancer.

Highlights

Arising from unrestrained proliferation of melanocytes, melanoma is the utmost fatal kind of skin neoplasm [1]
Novel therapeutic option might offer efficient methods for these patients. Immunotherapeutic approaches such as administration of Anti-PD1 alone, or the combination of anti-PD1 with anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyteassociated protein 4 (CTLA4) ipilimumab has raised the survival of patients who suffer from advanced stages of melanoma [6]
We summarize the bulk of information about the role of miRNAs in the pathobiology of melanoma, their possible application as biomarkers and their emerging role as therapeutic targets for this kind of skin cancer

Summary

INTRODUCTION

Arising from unrestrained proliferation of melanocytes, melanoma is the utmost fatal kind of skin neoplasm [1]. Migration and invasion and induces cell cycle arrest at G1 phase and apoptosis in melanoma cells via suppression of SDCBP [105] (Continued) miR-23a Serum samples from 192 WM35, WM793, Yes melanoma cases and 51 451LU, A2058, A375 matched cancer-free controls, tissue specimens from 66 melanoma cases and 22 nevus cases, female. Breslow thickness, ulceration, Mitosis/mm, growth phase, Histological type – Its overexpression suppresses proliferation and colony formation and induces apoptosis in melanoma cell via targeting E2F1 Influences invasive ability of melanoma cells and can be a potential prognostic biomarker. Tumor thickness, TNM stage – Inhibits proliferation, migration and invasion of melanoma cells via targeting GOLM1 and regulation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway Enhances proliferation and invasion of uveal melanoma cells via targeting Inhibits melanoma cells proliferation through targeting SKI Its ectopic expression represses proliferation and induces apoptosis in melanoma cells [195]. 86 primary cutaneous melanomas tissues, 10 melanoma metastases, 10 dysplastic nevi samples

56 Primary human sinonasal mucosal melanoma tissues

29 FFPE melanoma specimens and 16 intradermal nevus specimens

Findings

DISCUSSION