Abstract
BackgroundMicroRNAs are involved in a broad range of biological processes and are known to be differentially expressed in response to bacterial pathogens.ResultsThe present study identified microRNA responses in porcine peripheral blood after inoculation with the human foodborne pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strain LT2. We compared the microRNA transcriptomes of the whole blood of pigs (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) at 2-days post inoculation and before Salmonella infection. The analysis identified a total of 29 differentially expressed microRNAs, most of which are implicated in Salmonella infection and immunology signaling pathways. Joint analysis of the microRNA and mRNA transcriptomes identified 24 microRNAs with binding sites that were significantly enriched in 3′ UTR of differentially expressed mRNAs. Of these microRNAs, three were differentially expressed after Salmonella challenge in peripheral blood (ssc-miR-146a-5p, ssc-miR-125a, and ssc-miR-129a-5p). Expression of 23 targets of top-ranked microRNA, ssc-miR-146a-5p, was validated by real-time PCR. The effects of miR-146a, IFN-γ, and IL-6 on the regulation of fecal bacteria shedding counts in pigs were investigated by in vivo study with a Salmonella challenge model.ConclusionsThe results indicated that induction of miR-146a in peripheral blood could significantly increase the fecal bacterial load, whereas IFN-γ had the reverse effect. These microRNAs can be used to identify targets for controlling porcine salmonellosis.
Highlights
MicroRNAs are involved in a broad range of biological processes and are known to be differentially expressed in response to bacterial pathogens
To identify porcine microRNAs that are differentially expressed in response to Salmonella Typhimurium challenge, microRNA transcriptomes were constructed for blood samples collected from three piglets at day 0 and 2 dpi
For transcriptome profile analysis of microRNA samples collected on day 0 and 2 dpi, a total of 29 differentially expressed microRNAs were identified based on the following criteria: 1) minimum read count of 20; 2) fold change ≥2.0, and 3) false discovery rate (FDR) ≤ 0.05 (Table 1)
Summary
MicroRNAs are involved in a broad range of biological processes and are known to be differentially expressed in response to bacterial pathogens. Differential expression of microRNAs has been implicated in a number of biological processes, such as cancer, development, growth [3, 4], and especially in the regulation of the host immune system [5, 6]. Subsequent studies suggested the roles of microRNAs in response to infection by pathogens [7, 8]. Salmonella enterica is the cause of asymptomatic carriage status to systemic febrile infection-related death varying with the ages of the animals [9]. Establishment of Salmonella carrying status is determined by the virulence of the bacteria as well as the genetic predisposition of the infected individual [11]. Several important Salmonella resistance microRNAs have been identified in animals, including miR-146 and
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