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Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key modulators of post-transcriptional gene regulation in a plethora of processes, including actin–myosin cytoskeleton dynamics. Recent evidence points to the widespread effects of miRNAs on actin–myosin cytoskeleton dynamics, either directly on the expression of actin and myosin genes or indirectly on the diverse signaling cascades modulating cytoskeletal arrangement. Furthermore, studies from various human models indicate that miRNAs contribute to the development of various human disorders. The potentially huge impact of miRNA-based mechanisms on cytoskeletal elements is just starting to be recognized. In this review, we summarize recent knowledge about the importance of microRNA modulation of the actin–myosin cytoskeleton affecting physiological processes, including cardiovascular function, hematopoiesis, podocyte physiology, and osteogenesis.
Highlights
Actin–myosin interactions are the primary source of force generation in mammalian cells.Actin forms a cytoskeletal network and the myosin motor proteins pull actin filaments to produce contractile force
The development of vascular diseases, such as post-angioplasty restenosis, atherosclerosis, and hypertension can be ascribed to pathological smooth muscle cell phenotype switching, which is modulated in numerous ways by miRNAs
MiR-1187 is a repressor of BMPRII and the Cdc42 guanine nucleotide exchange factor 9 (ARhGEF-9) expression, which is involved in the activation of Cdc42, leading to actin cytoskeleton rearrangement [142]
Summary
Actin–myosin interactions are the primary source of force generation in mammalian cells. Defects in the actomyosin cytoskeleton lead to dilated cardiomyopathy and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy [3,4,5]. In vascular smooth muscle cells, disruption in actin–myosin interactions can cause a variety of vascular diseases, including thoracic aneurysms and dissections, coronary artery disease, and stroke [6,7,8,9]. Airway smooth muscle contractile defects contribute to asthma [10,11]. We will focus on miRNA regulation of the actin–myosin network, emphasizing regulation in a few cell types, including muscle cells, hematopoietic cells, and malignant cells. We discuss the targets of miRNA regulation, the effects on actomyosin interactions, and the contribution of miRNA regulation on the relevant pathology
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