Abstract
Diagnostic biomarkers cancer diagnostics at preclinical stage seem to be a very promising strategy to increase effectiveness of anti-cancer treatment. Currently there are no such biomarkers available for daily routine practice. However, there are some candidate molecules in research that possibly can be used as biomarkers for early diagnosis, one of them is microRNA. MicroRNA is a small, 20–25 bp, non-coding RNA that is highly involved into epigenetic regulation of gene expression. These molecules participate in malignant transformation of normal cells into cancer cells including melanoma. And moreover, definite expression level of some microRNAs are essential for normal differentiation and function of human cells. Changes in microRNA profile are one of the reasons for malignant tumor development. Identification of these changes may help to develop diagnostic systems to start anti-cancer treatment at early stages.
Highlights
Diagnostic biomarkers cancer diagnostics at preclinical stage seem to be a very promising strategy to increase effectiveness of anti-cancer treatment
There are some candidate molecules in research that possibly can be used as biomarkers for early diagnosis, one of them is microRNA
MicroRNA is a small, 20–25 bp, non-coding RNA that is highly involved into epigenetic regulation of gene expression
Summary
Блохина» Минздрава России; Россия, 115478 Москва, Каширское ш., 24; 2ГБУЗ «Научно-практический центр специализированной медицинской помощи детям им. По возможности доклинической диагностики онкологических заболеваний остается актуальным вопросом современной медицины. Одними из кандидатных молекул на роль подобных маркеров являются микроРНК. МикроРНК представляют собой короткие некодирующие нуклеотидные последовательности, играющие роль эпигенетического регулятора экспрессии генов. В статье освещаются основные особенности биологии и функционирования микроРНК. Особое внимание уделено роли микроРНК в нормальных меланоцитах и в биологическом материале при меланоме
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