Abstract
Epilepsy is the result of a group of transient abnormalities in brain function caused by an abnormal, highly synchronized discharge of brain neurons. MicroRNA (miRNA) is a class of endogenous non-coding single-stranded RNA molecules that participate in a series of important biological processes. Recent studies demonstrated that miRNAs are involved in a variety of central nervous system diseases, including epilepsy. Although the exact mechanism underlying the role of miRNAs in epilepsy pathogenesis is still unclear, these miRNAs may be involved in the inflammatory response in the nervous system, neuronal necrosis and apoptosis, dendritic growth, synaptic remodeling, glial cell proliferation, epileptic circuit formation, impairment of neurotransmitter and receptor function, and other processes. Here, we discuss miRNA metabolism and the roles of miRNA in epilepsy pathogenesis and evaluate miRNA as a potential new biomarker for the diagnosis of epilepsy, which enhances our understanding of disease processes.
Highlights
Epilepsy is the result of a group of transient abnormalities in brain function caused by an abnormal, highly synchronous discharge of brain neurons
Its pathogenesis may be closely related to neuronal cell apoptosis, pathological circuit re-formation, glial fibroblast proliferation and inflammatory response (Chang and Lowenstein, 2003; Vezzani et al, 2011), and miRNAs may be involved in the occurrence and development of epilepsy by regulating these pathological processes (Cattani et al, 2016; Wang T. et al, 2017; Korotkov et al, 2020)
MiR-155 induces autophagy through mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and this effect is more obvious in the young mouse status epilepticus model, which strongly suggests the existence of this hypothetical pathway in epilepsy (Wan et al, 2014)
Summary
Epilepsy is the result of a group of transient abnormalities in brain function caused by an abnormal, highly synchronized discharge of brain neurons. Recent studies demonstrated that miRNAs are involved in a variety of central nervous system diseases, including epilepsy. The exact mechanism underlying the role of miRNAs in epilepsy pathogenesis is still unclear, these miRNAs may be involved in the inflammatory response in the nervous system, neuronal necrosis and apoptosis, dendritic growth, synaptic remodeling, glial cell proliferation, epileptic circuit formation, impairment of neurotransmitter and receptor function, and other processes. We discuss miRNA metabolism and the roles of miRNA in epilepsy pathogenesis and evaluate miRNA as a potential new biomarker for the diagnosis of epilepsy, which enhances our understanding of disease processes
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