MicroRNA-93 Blocks Signal Transducers and Activator of Transcription 3 to Reduce Neuronal Damage in Parkinson's Disease.

Abstract

MicroRNA-93 (miR-93) is an oncogene that promotes tumor growth and angiogenesis. However, its role in Parkinson's disease (PD) remains unknown. This study aimed at investigating the role of miR-93 in PD and the molecular mechanisms involved. 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD mouse model and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-exposed BV2 cells were constructed. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of miR-93, iNOS, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and TGF-β1. Bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assay were used to predict and confirm the interaction between miR-93 and STAT3. Flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression of STAT3. Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze the Iba1-positive and TH positive cells. It was found that the expression of miR-93 was down-regulated in LPS-exposed BV2 cells. Overexpression of miR-93 inhibited the expression of iNOS, IL-6 and TNF-α, while enhanced the expression of TGF-β1 and IL-10. The expression of transcriptional activator 3 (STAT3) was found to be up-regulated in LPS-exposed BV2 cells. Knockdown of STAT3 inhibited the expression of iNOS, IL-6 and TNF-α, while enhanced the expression of TGF-β1 and IL-10. Moreover, STAT3 was found to be a direct target of miR-93, and miR-93 overexpression inhibited the expression of STAT3. Furthermore, both miR-93 overexpression and STAT3 knockdown reduced LPS-induced BV2 cell apoptosis, whereas STAT3 overexpression eliminated the inhibitory effect of miR-93 on LPS-induced BV2 cell apoptosis. In addition, miR-93 overexpression inhibited MPTP-induced STAT3 expression, microglial activation and inflammatory reaction and reduced the loss of tyrosine hydroxylase in the substantia nigra of mice. In conclusion, we demonstrate that miR-93 may be involved in PD by regulating the expression of STAT3.