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Abstract
In this study, we discovered that shrimp miR-100 was up-regulated at 24 h after WSSV or Vibrio alginolyticus infection, confirming its participation in the innate immune system of shrimp. The anti-miRNA oligonucleotide (AMO-miR-100) was applied to inhibit the expression of miR-100. After AMO-miR-100 treatment, the shrimp was challenged with WSSV or V. alginolyticus. The knockdown of miR-100 expression decreased the mortality of WSSV-infected shrimp from 24 h to 72 h post-infection and enhanced the mortality of V. alginolyticus-infected shrimp significantly. The knockdown of miR-100 affected phenoloxidase (PO) activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and total hemocyte count (THC) after the infection with WSSV or V. alginolyticus, indicating a regulative role of miR-100 in the immune potential of shrimp in the response to WSSV or V. alginolyticus infection. The knockdown of miR-100 induced the apoptosis of shrimp hemocytes, and V. alginolyticus + AMO-miR-100 treatment caused more hemocyte apoptosis than V. alginolyticus treatment. The miR-100 influenced also the morphology of shrimp hemocytes and regulated the phagocytosis of WSSV or V. alginolyticus. Thus, we concluded that miR-100 may promote the anti-Vibrio immune response of shrimp through regulating apoptosis, phagocytosis and PO activity and affects the progression of WSSV infection at a certain level.
Highlights
MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that function by base pairing with messenger RNAs and are involved in the regulation of almost every biological pathway[1,2,3,4]
Our results indicated that the expression of a number of miRNAs was significantly up-regulated 24 h after white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection and down-regulated 24 h following V. alginolyticus infection (Fig. 1A)
MiR-100 is involved in the tumorigenesis and tumor progression of several cancer types[16,17,18,19,20,21,22]
Summary
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that function by base pairing with messenger RNAs and are involved in the regulation of almost every biological pathway[1,2,3,4]. Recent research reports suggest that host miRNAs exert important functions in the response to causative agents of a numbers of viral infections, such as hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, dengue virus, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)[7,8,9,10,11,12]. The crustacean viral pathogen white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) induced over-expression of host miR-10013,14. Our previous study showed that miR-100 was over-expressed after Vibrio alginolyticus (V. alginolyticus) infection in shrimp[24]. Prefers hypersaline habitats, which makes Kuruma shrimp (Marsupenaeus japonicus), an important to humans species abundantly present in the ocean, the main victim of one of its main victims. We further explored the role of miR-100 in the innate immunity response of shrimp to WSSV or Vibrio infection
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