Abstract
Micropollutants are defined as contaminants found in trace concentrations in water bodies that are persistent and bioactive, meaning they are not completely biodegradable and cannot be removed by conventional water treatment methods. Because of these aspects, their detection and removal pose a challenge to the scientific community. Among them are endocrine disruptors, drugs, agricultural chemicals, personal grooming products, industrial additives and others. These micropollutants are the cause for global concern, because their presence in water supply systems is suspected of causing health problems in humans and animals. To develop efficient techniques to remove them, it is fundamental to understand their physico-chemical properties and the available treatment types and conditions. Membrane separation processes (MSPs) and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are the focus of this literature review, as potential treatment methods to remove micropollutants. The former process stands out for high rejection rates (above 90%) of various micropollutants, but it generates a concentrated secondary waste stream. In turn, the latter process can remove micropollutants without generating secondary wastes, and can also be applied and combined with other treatment methods.
Highlights
In recent decades, the presence of many substances in water bodies that can harm human and animal health has caused the growing concern
Some of these compounds known as Endocrine Disrupters (ED) are considered exogenous agents that interfere with the synthesis, secretion, transport, binding and action or elimination of natural hormones in the body which are responsible for maintenance, reproduction, development, and/or behavior organisms [1]
This review summarized the findings of many works in the literature that had investigated Membrane and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) to remove micropollutants from various wastewater sources
Summary
The presence of many substances in water bodies that can harm human and animal health has caused the growing concern Among these substances are emerging micropollutants, present in both industrial and household wastewater in vestigial quantities, with concentrations ranging in scale from. The technologies used by water treatment stations (WTS) and wastewater treatment stations (WWTS) are generally not effective in removing these micropollutants, because many are hard to separate and/or resistant to degradation. Compounding this problem, no monitoring is conducted for the majority of these contaminants, which are typically only present in trace levels [10]. The main advantage of this process is the possibility of complete mineralization of the organic matter without generating secondary wastes and sludge
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