Abstract
The development of novel designs for hydropower plants is of high interest nowadays. Studies have shown the negative effect of fluid flow on the turbines of mini-hydropower plants when using them in the conditions of the mountain river. To reduce the damage caused by cavitation, a microplasma coating technique has been chosen. Due to its wetting ability, low density, high thermal conductivity, high heat resistance and low chemical activity, graphite has been studied as a coating material. Vanadium pentoxide has been added as an interlayer to increase the wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and adhesion of the system. The microstructure of the system was studied using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Functional properties of the system were tested by microhardness tests, wear resistance tests (friction), corrosion tests, and pull-off tests. The surface of the coating was homogeneous without warping, swelling and cracking. The microstructure consisted of regular structures in the form of branches of dendrites. V2O5/C coating resulted in the increase in microhardness up to 2534 MPa. The wear resistance (volume loss) of the sample with double-layer coating was 0.14 mm3 and the maximum adhesion strength was 17.5 MPa. Thus, the double-layer microplasma V2O5/C coating was applied and studied for strengthening the blades of mini-HPP. The microplasma method can find application in modifying the surface of power equipment subjected to the cavitation effect of the river water.
Highlights
Supplying 16.4% of global electricity annually and 85% of global renewable electricity, hydropower has experienced an upsurge in development, with an International Energy Agency report stating emerging economies have the potential to double hydroelectric production by 2050
The development of novel designs for hydropower plants is of high interest
Rectangular blades are periodically located in the plane of identical profiles and are a double-row lattice of a closed belt (8)
Summary
Supplying 16.4% of global electricity annually and 85% of global renewable electricity, hydropower has experienced an upsurge in development, with an International Energy Agency report stating emerging economies have the potential to double hydroelectric production by 2050. Hydropower has reached 1000 GW of total capacity, with 40 GW installed in 2013 alone, according to a 2017 report by the World Energy Council. In this light, the development of novel designs for hydropower plants is of high interest. The developed mini-hydropower plant (mini-HPP), based on the Lenyov hydrobelt (Figure 1), consists of a frame (1), two shafts (2, 3), blades (4), and two-stage gearboxes (5) installed on it. The flow of the medium is characterized by very complex dynamics, exacerbated by the movement of the blades in opposite directions, which intensively mix it
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