Microphone Array Based Passive Liveness Detection at Voice Interface Layer

Abstract

Although the wireless signal-based liveness detection method proposed in Chap. 4 could achieve good performance, it still incurs the deployment burden since the user needs to install wireless sensing devices. Passive liveness detection, which utilizes only the collected audio rather than the deployed sensors to distinguish between live human and replayed voices, has drawn increasing attention. However, it faces the challenge of performance degradation under the different environmental factors as well as the strict requirement of fixed user gestures. In this chapter, we propose a novel liveness feature, array fingerprint, which utilizes the microphone array inherently adopted by the smart speaker to determine the identity of collected audio. By leveraging the circular layout of microphones, compared with existing schemes, array fingerprint achieves a more robust performance under environmental change and user movement. We propose ArrayID, a lightweight passive detection scheme, and elaborate a series of features working together with array fingerprint. Our evaluation shows that ArrayID achieves an accuracy of 99.84%, which is superior to existing passive liveness detection schemes.