Abstract
The pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass (LC biomass) prior to the anaerobic digestion (AD) process is a mandatory step to improve feedstock biodegradability and biogas production. An important potential is provided by lignocellulosic materials since lignocellulose represents a major source for biogas production, thus contributing to the environmental sustainability. The main limitation of LC biomass for use is its resistant structure. Lately, biological pretreatment (BP) gained popularity because they are eco-friendly methods that do not require chemical or energy input. A large number of bacteria and fungi possess great ability to convert high molecular weight compounds from the substrate into lower mass compounds due to the synthesis of microbial extracellular enzymes. Microbial strains isolated from various sources are used singly or in combination to break down the recalcitrant polymeric structures and thus increase biogasgeneration. Enzymatic treatment of LC biomass depends mainly on enzymes like hemicellulases and cellulases generated by microorganisms. The articles main purpose is to provide an overview regarding the enzymatic/biological pretreatment as one of the most potent techniques for enhancing biogas production.
Highlights
Bioenergy represents energy from biomass and plays an important role in promoting renewable alternatives
This process is due to the synthesis of microbial extracellular enzymes capable of breaking down the recalcitrant polymeric structures in the substrate
The results showed that the treatment with these microorganisms (5 bacteria and 2 yeasts) for 10 days could significantly enhance the hydrolysis and biomethanation of sawdust, demonstrating the positive effect of the isolated microbial consortium [60]
Summary
Bioenergy represents energy from biomass and plays an important role in promoting renewable alternatives. Physical and chemical pretreatments used for disintegration of lignocellulosic resources are energy demanding and use chemicals, which could negatively affect the environment [6] In this context, biological pretreatment (BP) is an attractive alternative conducted under much milder environmental conditions, with low energy input and no chemical requirement, being an environmentally friendly method. The main techniques that use microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) and enzymes are specified, and the results obtained in increasing the biogas yield are mentioned. This detailed study aimed to include as many types of biological treatment as possible and their comparative analysis, so as to facilitate the approach of future research to optimize the AD process
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