Abstract
Crop residues are an important source of plant nutrients. However, information on the various methods of residue management on micronutrients in soil and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) over time is limited. A long-term (84-year) agroecosystem experiment was assessed to determine the impact of fertilizer type and methods of crop residue management on micronutrients over time under dryland winter wheat-fallow rotation. The treatments were: no N application with residue burning in fall (FB), spring (SB), and no residue burn (NB); 45 kg N ha−1 with SB and NB; 90 kg N ha−1 with SB and NB; pea vines; and farmyard manure (FYM) and a nearby undisturbed grass pasture (GP). Wheat grain, straw, and soil samples from 1995, 2005, and 2015 were used to determine tissue total and soil Mehlich III extractable Mn, Cu, B, Fe, and Zn, and soil pH. After 84 years, extractable Mn and B in the top 10 cm of soil decreased in all plots, except for B in FYM and SB. The FYM plots had the highest extractable Mn (114 mg kg−1) in the top 10 cm soil; however, it declined by 33% compared to the GP (171 mg kg−1). Extractable Zn in the top 10 cm of soil increased with FYM while it decreased with inorganic N application in 2015; however, total Zn in grain increased by 7% with inorganic N (90 kg ha−1) application compared to FYM application. The results suggest that residue management had similar impact on soil micronutrients. Inorganic N and FYM application can be integrated to reduce micronutrient losses from cultivation.
Highlights
Micronutrient deficiencies are a serious problem affecting food production worldwide [1]
Mehlich III extractable Mn, Cu, B, Zn, and pH in soil were influenced by the 84 years of cultivation and residue management methods in the Crop Residue Long-Term Experiment (CR-LTE) (Table S1)
This study reports long-term impacts of manure, pea vine, inorganic N application, and residue management on micronutrient dynamics at four soil depths and in wheat straw and grain over 20 years (1995, 2005, and 2015) for the CR-LTE plots which have been in dryland winter wheat 14-month fallow (WW-F) since 1931
Summary
Micronutrient deficiencies are a serious problem affecting food production worldwide [1]. With the advent of high yielding and high grain/straw ratio wheat varieties, micronutrient deficiencies are not uncommon in wheat. Since soil micronutrient concentrations are relatively low, they need to be mobilized by roots. High-yielding varieties may have lower micronutrient accumulations in tissues than low-yielding ones due to root biomass formation lagging the increases in aboveground biomass [2]. Micronutrients are important for improving crop yields and the sustainability of crop production, but are important for human health and have a role in overcoming micronutrient deficiencies [3]. Micronutrients play important roles in agriculture and human nutrition, knowledge of the effect of agricultural practices
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