Abstract
One third of U.S. adults report short sleep (<7 h), which has been linked to negative health outcomes. Inadequate intake of micronutrients across the U.S. adult population has been reported, and a relationship between sleep conditions and micronutrient intake is emerging. This cross-sectional analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2005–2016) (n = 26,211) showed that participants with short sleep duration had a lower usual intake (Food + Supplements) of calcium, magnesium, and vitamin D in all adults aged 19+ years, and vitamin K in adults aged 19–50 years, even after adjusting for covariates. In addition, participants reporting short sleep had a higher percentage of individuals with intake lower than the estimated average requirement (EAR) across multiple nutrients. Age and gender differences were observed in the prevalence of inadequate intake across multiple nutrients. Adults aged 51–99 years with short sleep duration had inadequate intake with respect to more nutrients. In females there was an association between short sleep and a higher prevalence of inadequate intake (Food + Spp) for calcium, magnesium, and vitamins A, C, D, E, and K (above adequate intake). Conversely, males reporting short sleep only had an inadequate intake of vitamin D. Overall, we demonstrate that short sleep is associated with increased nutrient inadequacy, emphasizing the possible need for dietary supplementation.
Highlights
By 2030, the cost of insufficient sleep has been projected to reach up to US$467.7 billion, primarily due to lower productivity and high mortality risk linked to insufficient sleep [1]
Among females aged 19–50 years with short sleep duration, we found a higher percentage of the population with intake below the estimated average requirement (EAR) (Food Only and Food + Spp) of calcium, copper, folate, iron, magnesium, riboflavin, thiamin, zinc, and vitamins A, C, and K, and niacin and vitamin E from Food Only (Table S3)
We show that the number of nutrients with inadequate intake among participants with short sleep was greater in older adults aged 51–99 years (Tables S1 and S2), emphasizing a need for supplementation with age
Summary
By 2030, the cost of insufficient sleep has been projected to reach up to US$467.7 billion, primarily due to lower productivity and high mortality risk linked to insufficient sleep [1]. Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) to improve sleep health and increase the number of Americans getting sufficient sleep. While sleep deprivation has been linked to irritability, cognitive impairment, memory lapses or loss, and an impaired immune system, adequate sleep duration has a restorative effect on the body, the immune system, endocrine system, and nervous system. The National Sleep Foundation defines adequate sleep as 7–9 h for adults aged 26–64 years and 7–8 h for older adults aged ≥65 years, and insufficient sleep as
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