Abstract
Micronucleus (MN) assay has been extensively used in detection of DNA damage, instability in cancer, and genetic disorders. In the current study, MN, binucleated cells, and nuclear division index (NDI) were investigated in Iraqi patients with thyroid disorders. The results indicated significantly (p < 0.05) increased binucleated cells with micronucleus (BNMN) frequencies in thyroid cancer group (37.58 ± 3.07) versus other thyroid disorder groups (6.60 ± 1.29, 14.90 ± 1.69, 15.56 ± 1.76). On the other hand, the frequency of micronucleus per 1,000 and the NDI were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in hypothyroidism (MN 1.55 ± 0.36) (NDI 0.009 ± 0.001) versus other thyroid disorder groups (MN: 6.05 ± 0.97, 6.09 ± 0.53, 5.34 ± 0.56) (NDI: 0.049 ± 0.003, 0.032 ± 0.002, 0.025 ± 0.002), with no difference versus healthy group (0.0 ± 0.0). The number of BNMN and MN are parallel to the severity of thyroid disorders which were 6.60 ± 1.29, 14.90 ± 1.69, 15.56 ± 1.76, and 37.58 ± 3.07 for hypothyroidism, thyroid toxic goiter, thyroid nontoxic goiter, and thyroid cancer, respectively. The number of BNMN and MN are parallel to the severity of thyroid disorders which were 6.60 ± 1.29, 14.90 ± 1.69, 15.56 ± 1.76, and 37.58 ± 3.07 for hypothyroidism, thyroid toxic goiter, thyroid nontoxic goiter, and thyroid cancer, respectively. The results also indicate that there were no significant differences among age and sex groups as related with BNMN formation within each thyroid disorder groups and healthy control group.
Highlights
Chromosomal damages measurement is one of important ways to evaluate the toxicity, carcinogenicity, and mutagenicity of drugs, chemicals, and rays (Cotterill et al 2001; Ge et al 2005; Gad and Saad 2008)
The results indicated significantly (p
MN frequency is a biomarker of chromosomal damage, genome instability, and cancer risk that integrates acquired mutations and genetic susceptibility (Fenech 2000; Joseph et al 2009)
Summary
Chromosomal damages measurement is one of important ways to evaluate the toxicity, carcinogenicity, and mutagenicity of drugs, chemicals, and rays (Cotterill et al 2001; Ge et al 2005; Gad and Saad 2008) Such damages were detected to associate with some diseases and cancer (Fenech 2000; Neri et al 2005; El-Zein et al 2008, 2011). The principle of the micronucleus assay is by adding of cytochalasin B to the cell cultures to block cytokinesis cell cultures which lead to the formation of micronuclei in bi- or multinucleated interphase cells (Fenech 2000) This assay has been extensively used in routine mutagen and carcinogen screening protocols to detect factors and agents that cause chromosomal damages and cytological toxicity as well to evaluate the genetical and
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