Micronucleus assay using DNA Specfic and non specific stains in exfoliated oral epithelial cells as a biomarker to assess cytogenetic damage in petrol station attendants

Anshi Jain,Saurabh Juneja,Pulkit Gupta,Nikita Gulati,Aamna Khan

doi:10.18231/j.jds.2019.024

Abstract

Micronucleus assay using DNA Specfic and non specific stains in exfoliated oral epithelial cells as a biomarker to assess cytogenetic damage in petrol station attendants - JDS- Print ISSN No: - 2320-7302 Online ISSN No:- 2393-9834 Article DOI No:- 10.18231/j.jds.2019.024, Journal of Dental Specialities-J Dent Spec

Highlights

Micronuclei are intracytoplasmic chromatin bodies seen as a result of cytogenetic damage or mitotic abnormality
The percentage micronuclei count was higher in the study group (1.34±0.61with acridine orange stain and 1.95±0.72 with PAP stain) as compared to the control group (0.175±0.16 with acridine orange stain and 0.185±0.13 with PAP stain)
The micronuclei index was higher in the study group (1.74±0.37 with acridine orange stain and 1.82±0.42 with PAP stain) as compared to the control group (1±0.28 with acridine orange stain and 1.01±0.69 with PAP stain)

Summary

Introduction

Micronuclei are intracytoplasmic chromatin bodies seen as a result of cytogenetic damage or mitotic abnormality. Markers of cellular and molecular changes, respectively, which are associated with the process of carcinogenesis, but which occur even before a malignant transformation takes place, are called biomarkers.[1] Genomic damage in human cells is the prerequisite for disease development, including cancer It may be produced by multiple agents such as environmental genotoxins, radiation, chemicals, lifestyle factors such as alcohol, smoking, drugs, stress and genetic factors. It could be argued that oral epithelial cells represent a preferred target site for early genotoxic events induced by carcinogenic agents entering the body via inhalation and ingestion.[2] The buccal mucosal cells are the first targets due to inhalation of such vapours.[7] Buccal mucosal cells can be collected and studied as they are exfoliated in the process of physiological maturation and desquamation.[8] The cytological details can be studied through either DNA specific stains(example acridine orange, feulgen stain) or non specific stains(example giemsa stain, PAP stain).[9]

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