Micronucleus assay in the exfoliated cells of buccal mucosa of gasoline station workers in Tehran.

Abstract

One of the most critical landmarks of DNA damage is the micronucleus assay. Enumeration of micronuclei contributes to the early diagnosis of precancerous lesions and cancers; however, there are few studies on the frequency of micronucleus in gasoline station workers. To the best of our knowledge, no study has addressed this issue in Iran. The present study aimed to determine the role of working in the gasoline stations of Tehran city on micronucleus frequency in buccal mucosa. In this historical cohort study, buccal mucosa samples were collected from 110 individuals working at gasoline stations and 100 unemployed persons using wet tongue depressors. After Papanicolaou staining, the percentage of cells containing micronucleus as well as the mean number of micronucleus in the micronucleated cells was reported. Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney test, and regression analyses were used to specify the effect of other variables on the frequency and mean number of micronucleus per cell. The mean frequency of micronucleus in the case and control group was 29.8 ± 8.2 and 9.3 ± 3.2, respectively, which was statistically significant (P = 0.0001). Furthermore, the mean number of micronucleus in the micronucleated cells of buccal mucosa was significantly higher in individuals who were exposed to gasoline than the control group (P = 0.0001). The results indicated that exposure to gasoline could increase the frequency of micronucleus. It was also revealed that cigarette and hookah smoking and alcohol consumption, together with working in gasoline stations, increase micronucleus abundance, implying the cumulative carcinogenic effect of these factors.