Abstract
Inspired by the micro-nano structure on the surface of biological materials or living organisms, micro-nano structure has been widely investigated in the field of functional coatings. Due to its large specific surface area, porosity, and dual-scale structure, it has recently attracted special attention. The typical fabrication processes of micro-nano structured coatings include sol-gel, hydrothermal synthesis, chemical vapor deposition, etc. This paper presents the main features of a recent deposition and synthesis technique, liquid plasma spraying (LPS). LPS is an important technical improvement of atmospheric plasma spraying. Compared with atmospheric plasma spraying, LPS is more suitable for preparing functional coatings with micro-nano structure. Micro-nano structured coatings are mainly classified into hierarchical-structure and binary-structure. The present study reviews the preparation technology, structural characteristics, functional properties, and potential applications of LPS coatings with a micro-nano structure. The micro-nano structured coatings obtained through tailoring the structure will present excellent performances.
Highlights
Micro-nano structure is a hydrophobic functional structure existing in natural materials such as lotus leaf and gecko hair [1]
The results showed that the microstructure of ZnO can be controlled by adjusting the composition of the solution precursor
Previous studies showed that the thermal stability of WO3 coatings with a micro-nano structure prepared by atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) + solution precursor plasma spraying (SPPS) had been greatly improved compared with that of SPPS coatings [109]
Summary
Micro-nano structure is a hydrophobic functional structure existing in natural materials such as lotus leaf and gecko hair [1]. The processes were proposed in the middle of the 1990s, SPS and SPPS are new plasma spray methods based on liquid raw materials, which can deposit ultrafine particles to obtain coatings with fine microstructures and excellent functional properties [36]. The use of SPPS can avoid the direct heating of titanium dioxide particles by plasma flame and reduce the crystal transition In another example, Cipri et al [40] used SPS and APS combined spraying to reduce graphite loss and agglomeration via utilizing the heat-absorbing protection of liquid at high temperatures. Hybrid plasma spraying with liquid (suspension or solution) feedstocks and powder feedstocks can greatly improve deposition efficiency and obtain the micro-nano structure. To achieve the best spray process parameters, coatings’ single splat or layer formation should be analyzed The spray parameters and methods of hybrid plasma spraying should be flexibly changed according to the desired coating structure and functional characteristics
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