Abstract
Three soil profiles derived from Pleistocene eolian loess were compared according to their micromorphological properties. One soil was chosen from The Netherlands, with a temperate humid climate, one from Poland with a slightly drier climate, and one from China, having a semi-arid climate. The investigations lead to the following conclusions: (1) Typologically the soils examined show different development stages according to the environmental conditions, including the climatic and anthropogenic soil-forming factors. These are expressed by differentiation of horizons and by their micromorphological properties; (2) The soil profiles derived from Dutch and Polish loess show permanent trends towards vertical translocation of the clay fraction, together with iron oxides. In The Netherlands soil the plasma illuviation is more distinctly expressed than in the Polish one due to the climatic conditions; (3) In the soil profile derived from the Chinese loess, only weak trends towards plasma translocation were observed. The illuviation of plasma is restricted by the occurrence of various forms of calcium carbonate and only re-orientation is present. The higher clay content is due to the higher amount of original clay in the loess sediments; (4) In the Chinese loess soil there is a lot of lublinite in the whole profile. The actual presence of lublinite in the surface horizon points to a secondary accumulation of the component in the A 1-horizon. It is probable that the material originating from the subsoil has been brought upward by agricultural practices.
Published Version
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