Abstract
Abstract The micromorphological features of the fruit surfaces of nine species of Ukrainian flora, namely Valeriana tuberosa L., Valeriana tripteris L., Valeriana rossica P. Smirn., Valeriana stolonifera Czern., Valeriana grossheimii Worosch, Valeriana sambucifolia Mikan fil., Valeriana officinalis L. s. str., Valeriana wolgensis Kazak. [ Valeriana officinalis var. nitida (Kreyer) Rostanski], and Valeriana simplicifolia (Rchb.) Kabath, were examined. Depending on the presence and localization of pubescence on the surface of the fruit, three groups of species were distinguished: those with glabrous fruits, those with fruits pubescent only on the adaxial side, and those with fruits pubescent on both sides. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the additional characteristics of the fruits (microsculpture of the fruit surface, shape of cuticular formations on the surface of the outer periclinal walls of epidermal cells and on the surface of hairs, and structure of the stomatal complex), which were useful for the identification of the species. At the supraspecific level, the revealed features of the fruit surfaces somewhat overlapped and could be used to identify series and sections only as additional features. Based on the studied samples from herbarium material (KW), V. officinalis var. nitida was considered synonymous with V. wolgensis since there were no micromorphological differences between their fruits. The detailed micromorphological characteristics of the fruit surfaces of all the studied species can be used for further comparative morphological investigations of different aerial parts to identify stable features independent of geographic and ecological conditions.
Highlights
IntroductionEre are more than 200 species of the genus Valeriana among worldwide flora. ey are mainly distributed in the Andes of South America, throughout Eurasia, and in the temperate zone of North America (Takhtajan, 2009). ere are 10 species in the latest nomenclatural checklist for the flora of Ukraine (Mosyakin & Fedoronchuk, 1999)
Keywords herbarium specimens; morphology; microsculpture; morphometric data; Ukrainian flora ere are more than 200 species of the genus Valeriana among worldwide flora. ey are mainly distributed in the Andes of South America, throughout Eurasia, and in the temperate zone of North America (Takhtajan, 2009). ere are 10 species in the latest nomenclatural checklist for the flora of Ukraine (Mosyakin & Fedoronchuk, 1999)
Species of the genus Valeriana L. are known for their medicinal properties; biologically active substances have been found in seven species among the flora of Ukraine (Minarchenko, 2005)
Summary
Ere are more than 200 species of the genus Valeriana among worldwide flora. ey are mainly distributed in the Andes of South America, throughout Eurasia, and in the temperate zone of North America (Takhtajan, 2009). ere are 10 species in the latest nomenclatural checklist for the flora of Ukraine (Mosyakin & Fedoronchuk, 1999). Ere are more than 200 species of the genus Valeriana among worldwide flora. Morphological characteristics of fruits are known to be species-specific for many members of the subfamily Valerianoideae and the order Dipsacales (Al-dabbagh & Saeed, 2020; Tsarenko et al, 2019; Tsarenko, Bulakh, et al, 2020; Tsarenko, Tsymbaliuk, et al, 2020; Tsymbaliuk et al, 2018; Zaĭtseva, 2006). It is important to study these features to understand the issues of phylogeny and taxonomy of certain species as well as the family or the order of Dipsacales as a whole. E aim of this work was to conduct a detailed micromorphological characterization of the surfaces of fruits of Valeriana spp., which are important in pharmacology, in order to identify additional features that are relevant for species recognition It is important to study these features to understand the issues of phylogeny and taxonomy of certain species as well as the family or the order of Dipsacales as a whole. e aim of this work was to conduct a detailed micromorphological characterization of the surfaces of fruits of Valeriana spp., which are important in pharmacology, in order to identify additional features that are relevant for species recognition
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