Abstract
Entanglement is a fundamental resource in quantum information processing. Several studies have explored the integration of sources of entangled states on a silicon chip, but the devices demonstrated so far require millimeter lengths and pump powers of the order of hundreds of milliwatts to produce an appreciable photon flux, hindering their scalability and dense integration. Microring resonators have been shown to be efficient sources of photon pairs, but entangled state emission has never been proven in these devices. Here we report the first demonstration, to the best of our knowledge, of a microring resonator capable of emitting time-energy entangled photons. We use a Franson experiment to show a violation of Bell’s inequality by more than seven standard deviations with an internal pair generation exceeding 107 Hz. The source is integrated on a silicon chip, operates at milliwatt and submilliwatt pump power, emits in the telecom band, and outputs into a photonic waveguide. These are all essential features of an entangled state emitter for a quantum photonic network.
Highlights
Photonics is increasingly seen as an attractive platform for quantum information processing [1,2,3,4]
The most common strategy for producing entangled photon pairs at room temperature is the use of the parametric fluorescence that can occur in a nonlinear crystal [10,11,12]
An ideal integrated source of entangled photons should be CMOS compatible for cost-effective and reliable production, interfaced with fiber networks for long-range transmission in the telecom band, and take up little “real estate” on the chip. For such sources the main results have been obtained by exploiting third-order nonlinearities in silicon, in studies that have been focused on the generation of qubits based on polarization entangled photon pairs [13,14] or entangled time-bins [15,16] in long waveguiding structures
Summary
Photonics is increasingly seen as an attractive platform for quantum information processing [1,2,3,4]. An ideal integrated source of entangled photons should be CMOS compatible for cost-effective and reliable production, interfaced with fiber networks for long-range transmission in the telecom band, and take up little “real estate” on the chip For such sources the main results have been obtained by exploiting third-order nonlinearities in silicon, in studies that have been focused on the generation of qubits based on polarization entangled photon pairs [13,14] or entangled time-bins [15,16] in long waveguiding structures. These devices require lengths ranging from fractions of a millimeter to centimeters to produce an appreciable photon pair flux, hindering their scalability. There is a drastic improvement of the wavelength conversion efficiency, together with the spectral properties of the emitted pairs, with respect to silicon waveguide sources
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