Abstract
The aim of this paper is to give an overview of the foundations, the mechanical framework and the main methods of modelling internal stresses from a micromechanical point of view. The basic notions of strain compatibility, their different scales and physical content and the fundamental equations are first developed. The case of a given “stress-free strain” distribution in a homogeneous elastic body is then examined and the various basic methods of deriving internal stresses are presented. Special attention is paid to the case of an inhomogeneous random elastic body for which the average stress-free strain is different from the macroscopic one; illustrations are given for an elastic composite with different thermal coefficients. Finally, the more difficult problem of modelling internal stresses evolutions when the overall behaviour is no more elastic is investigated and some basic ideas are presented and discussed.
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