Abstract
This work presents a polymer-based tactile capacitive sensor capable of measuring joint reaction forces of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA). The capacitive sensor contains a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) dielectric layer with an array of electrodes. The sensor was designed in such a way that four components of glenohumeral contact forces can be quantified to help ensure proper soft tissue tensioning during the procedure. Fabricated using soft lithography, the sensor has a loading time of approximately 400 ms when a 14.13 kPa load is applied and has a sensitivity of 1.24 × 10−3 pF/kPa at a load of 1649 kPa. A replica RTSA prothesis was 3D printed, and the sensor was mounted inside the humeral cap. Four static right shoulder positions were tested, and the results provided an intuitive graphical description of the pressure distribution across four quadrants of the glenohumeral joint contact surface. It may help clinicians choose a right implant size and offset that best fit a patient’s anatomy and reduce postoperative biomechanical complications such as dislocation and stress fracture of the scapula.
Highlights
Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty (RTSA) is a nonanatomic constrained prosthesis tailored for conditions which are deemed inoperable by traditional Total Shoulder
These include tumor resection [1], revision shoulder arthroplasty from failed Total ShoulderArthroplasty (TSA) procedures [2,3], irreparable rotator cuff tears leading to pseudoparalysis [4], rheumatoid arthritis [5,6], fracture sequelae [7,8], and complex proximal humeral fractures [9]
Devised in the 1970s, RTSA was designed to alleviate common issues that occur in TSA prosthesis, which were predominately loosening of the glenoid component and rotator cuff tear [10]
Summary
Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty (RTSA) is a nonanatomic constrained prosthesis tailored for conditions which are deemed inoperable by traditional Total ShoulderArthroplasty (TSA) procedures. Proponents of RTSA argued that by placing the socket in the proximal humerus and the prosthetic ball on the glenoid, one could improve active motion and stability without an increased risk of glenoid component loosening [11] This nonanatomic concept brought upon a spur of mechanical innovations looking to increase the reliability of RTSA procedures. On the forefront of these innovations where three reversed glenohumeral articulations: Mark I, II, and III These designs focused on modifying the size of the glenoid component and altering the center of rotation (COR).
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