Abstract
The effect of depositing a collagen (CG)-poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) nanofiber mesh (NFM) at the microgrooves of titanium (Ti) on the mechanical stability and osseointegration of the implant with bone was investigated using a rabbit model. Three groups of Ti samples were produced: control Ti samples where there were no microgrooves or CG-PCL NFM, groove Ti samples where microgrooves were machined on the circumference of Ti, and groove-NFM Ti samples where CG-PCL NFM was deposited on the machined microgrooves. Each group of Ti samples was implanted in the rabbit femurs for eight weeks. The mechanical stability of the Ti/bone samples were quantified by shear strength from a pullout tension test. Implant osseointegration was evaluated by a histomorphometric analysis of the percentage of bone and connective tissue contact with the implant surface. The bone density around the Ti was measured by micro–computed tomography (μCT) analysis. This study found that the shear strength of groove-NFM Ti/bone samples was significantly higher compared to control and groove Ti/bone samples (p < 0.05) and NFM coating influenced the bone density around Ti samples. In vivo histomorphometric analyses show that bone growth into the Ti surface increased by filling the microgrooves with CG-PCL NFM. The study concludes that a microgroove assisted CG-PCL NFM coating may benefit orthopedic implants.
Highlights
IntroductionTitanium (Ti) alloy implants are one of the most widely used implants for orthopedic (e.g., hip replacements, plates for the fixation of broken bones) and orthodontic (e.g., implants, braces) surgeries because of its strong mechanical, chemical, and biological properties [1]
Titanium (Ti) alloy implants are one of the most widely used implants for orthopedic and orthodontic surgeries because of its strong mechanical, chemical, and biological properties [1]
The objective of this study is to measure the effects of micro grooving and CG-PCL nanofiber mesh (NFM) treatments of Ti implants on the in vivo mechanical stability, bone density, and osseointegration of Ti
Summary
Titanium (Ti) alloy implants are one of the most widely used implants for orthopedic (e.g., hip replacements, plates for the fixation of broken bones) and orthodontic (e.g., implants, braces) surgeries because of its strong mechanical, chemical, and biological properties [1]. An ideal implant for these surgeries should ensure lifelong mechanical stability and induce osseointegration with the adjoining tissues [2]. Ti implant loosening usually occurs from the lack of osseointegration of the implants with the bone. Considerable advances have been made in improving the surface properties of the Ti alloy, the optimum biological performances of Ti alloy implants have not been achieved. The motivation of this study is to improve the titanium implant surface topography, allowing for increased osseointegration of the implants that will provide greater mechanical stability
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