Microglial cell reaction after optic nerve lesions

Abstract

AbstractMicroglial cells may be involved in the degeneration and regeneration processes of Retinal Ganglion Cells (RGCs). Optic nerve (ON) lesions induce microglial cell activation both in goldfish (an animal with important regeneration capabilities; Salvador‐Silva et al., 2000) and rodents (animals with limited regenerating capabilities; Sobrado‐Calvo et al., 2007; Galindo‐Romero et al., 2013). The microglial cell reaction after an ON lesion is common to all the animal models studied and typically includes: increased enzyme activities, morphologic changes and cell hyperplasia. Because these reactions are found in regenerating and non‐regenerating animal models, they may represent a general response of the microglia that is directed towards helping the regeneration process. However, the location, severity and timing of the reaction varies depending on the animal model, amount of RGC death and type of lesion used and on other factors such as whether other eye lesions, trophic or other factors are administered concomitantly. Therefore the microglial cell reaction after an ON lesion can be modified externally and may subsequently influence the degeneration and regeneration processes.