Abstract
Microglia are the primary resident mononuclear phagocytes that maintain central nervous system homeostasis under physiological and pathological conditions. Recent evidence has shown that they differ considerably from other macrophages by contributing to pre- and postnatal brain development by controlling processes such as neurogenesis, oligodendrogenesis, progenitor numbers and the generation and elimination of synapses. Here I Dance round a hypothetical microglial role in modulating empathy and prosocial behavior via influencing the development of associated nervous structures, including the ventromedial and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate, precuneus, inferior frontal gyrus, insula and striatum. A potential contributing role of microglia in shaping normal interindividual differences in empathetic abilities and related behaviors is also discussed.
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