Microfluidic Simulation and Optimization of Blood Coagulation Factors and Anticoagulants in Polymethyl Methacrylate Microchannels

Philip Nathaniel Immanuel,Song-Jeng Huang,Yi-Hsiung Chiu

doi:10.3390/coatings11111394

Philip Nathaniel Immanuel, Song-Jeng Huang + Show 1 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11111394

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Abstract

Blood coagulation is a critical and complex reaction that involves various chemical substances, such as prothrombin, fibrinogen, and fibrin. The process can be divided into three main steps, namely the formation of the prothrombin activator, conversion of prothrombin to thrombin, and conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. In this study, an ANSYS simulation is carried out to determine the prothrombin time (PT) of blood, the chemical changes that occur during coagulation and the anticoagulation factor. The addition of deionized water to the microchannels before the addition of blood and reagents results in a two-phase flow. The evaluation of this two-phase flow is necessary, and dynamic simulations are required to determine the PT. The chemical rate constant and order of the chemical reaction are derived from the actual prothrombin time. Moreover, the genetic algorithms in PYTHON and ANSYS are used to estimate chemical reaction parameters for a 20 s PT. The blood and anticoagulant exhibit increased dynamic behavior in the microchannel. In addition, particles are added to the microchannel and the dynamic mesh method is used to simulate the flow behaviors of the red and white blood cells in the microchannel. The PTs for different volumes of blood are also reported.

Highlights

IntroductionRecent statistics tell us that the aging of the population has already become a major social issue in several countries, making it necessary to monitor the health of older people
Accepted: 8 November 2021Recent statistics tell us that the aging of the population has already become a major social issue in several countries, making it necessary to monitor the health of older people.An aging population brings with it an increased risk of several illnesses common to older individuals, such as various types of cancer, cardiovascular, bleeding and metabolic diseases, and severe infections [1,2,3,4]
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Summary

Introduction

Recent statistics tell us that the aging of the population has already become a major social issue in several countries, making it necessary to monitor the health of older people. An aging population brings with it an increased risk of several illnesses common to older individuals, such as various types of cancer, cardiovascular, bleeding and metabolic diseases, and severe infections [1,2,3,4]. The detection of health risk in the early stages is necessary to preserve the health of this portion of the population. Severe bleeding that causes death are bleeding inside the skull (intracranial), subarachnoid, and rupture. Blood coagulation and platelet defects are the causes of bleeding that lead to death [4]

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