Abstract
Given the strong interdisciplinary nature of microfluidic immobilized enzyme reactor (μ-IMER) technology, several branches of science contribute to its successful implementation. A combination of physical, chemical knowledge and engineering skills is often required. The development and application of μ-IMERs in the proteomic community are experiencing increasing importance due to their attractive features of enzyme reusability, shorter digestion times, the ability to handle minute volumes of sample and the prospect of on-line integration into analytical workflows. The aim of this review is to give an account of the current (2017–2021) trends regarding the preparation of microdevices, immobilization strategies, and IMER configurations. The different aspects of microfabrication (designs, fabrication technologies and detectors) and enzyme immobilization (empty and packed channels, and monolithic supports) are surveyed focusing on μ-IMERs developed for proteomic analysis. Based on the advantages and limitations of the published approaches and the different applications, a probable perspective is given.
Highlights
Microreactors are small devices consisting of micrometer-wide capillaries or channels.Such devices are designed to carry out a range of biological and chemical reactions with the inherent advantages of less reagent consumption, flexible and well-controllable operation and simple integration with other units
The utilization of enzymes in reactors has been increasing in the last few decades, especially immobilized enzyme reactor (IMER) applications, where the enzymes are confined to a solid support [1,2]
Since matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) requires the analytes to be deposited on a plate and co-crystallize with a special matrix prior to analysis, it is not possible to carry out on-line hyphenation with upstream separation workflows, since those operate in continuous-flow mode
Summary
Microreactors are small devices consisting of micrometer-wide capillaries or channels. (2) packed/fixed-bed IMERs, where the enMicrofluidic chips satisfy the most important requirement for high IMER efficiency, zyme is immobilized to a support material (particles, beads) that can be homogeneously which is the large specific surface area (S/V ratio) of solid supports. From this point of packed into systemreactors:. For the assessment and comparability of microreactors, support is the application of a micropacking or membrane Such a great variety of amicroreactor set of parameters Enzyme embedded microfluidic paper-based analytic device (μPAD): a comprehensive review microreactor; PCR; ELISA; hybridization hyphenation; enzymatic reaction; immobilization; liquid chromatography microfluidic IMER; immobilization strategies; biocatalysis; bioconversion in vitro biocatalysis; microfluidic reactor; enzyme immobilization; multi-enzyme systems biodegradable polymer; enzymatic degradation; polyesters; lipase microfluidic devices; hybrid nanoflowers; design and fabrication; point-of-care
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