Abstract
Simplifying tedious sample preparation procedures to improve analysis efficiency is a major challenge in contemporary analytical chemistry. Solid phase microextraction (SPME), a technology developed for rapid sample pretreatment, has flexibility in design, geometry, and calibration strategies, which makes it a useful tool in a variety of fields, especially environmental and life sciences. Therefore, it is important to study the coupling between the microfluidic electrospray ionization (ESI) chip integrated with the solid phase microextraction (SPME) module and the electrospray mass spectrometer (MS). In our previous work, we designed a solid phase microextraction (SPME) module on a microfluidic chip through geometric design. However, automation and calibration methods for the extraction process remain unresolved in the SPME on-chip domain, which will lead to faster and more accurate results. This paper discusses the necessity to design a micromixer structure that can produce different elution conditions on the microfluidic chip. By calculating the channel resistances, the microfluidic chip’s integrated module with the micromixer, SPME, and ESI emitters optimize the geometry structure. We propose the annular channel for SPME to perform the resistances balance of the entire chip. Finally, for SPME on a single chip, this work provides a quantitation calibration method to describe the distribution of the analytes between the sample and the extraction phase before reaching the adsorption equilibrium.
Highlights
The rapid and direct introduction of samples into a mass spectrometer (MS) to detect the target analytes in a complex sample matrix has led to the requirements of convenient, versatile sample preparation and pre-treatment methods
When the pressure was the same, observing the velocity field simulation at the T-type inlet, it could be found that the flow rate of acetonitrile was faster than water, because the liquid viscosity of acetonitrile was smaller and the same pressure value was applied, while the flow resistance of acetonitrile in the microchannel was smaller
Mass spectrometry is the best choice for quantitative analysis of unknown substances
Summary
The rapid and direct introduction of samples into a mass spectrometer (MS) to detect the target analytes in a complex sample matrix has led to the requirements of convenient, versatile sample preparation and pre-treatment methods. Automation is the key requirement for co-operating the SPME pre-treatment method with other detection instruments. All those SPME implementations adopted an extraction step in which the analytes were absorbed by the SPME substrates or coatings; followed by a desorption step using thermal, laser, elution liquid, etc. A mechanical SPME auto-sampler system can significantly improve the automation and efficiency for fiber SPME with LC-MS [7]. A typical design came from PAS Technology, who built a multi-fiber SPME auto-sampler, which can be interfaced directly with LC equipment via a mechanical arm [8]
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