Abstract
This work aims at fabricating 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-loaded poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid nanoparticles (PLGA NPs) using a microfluidic (MF) technique, with potential for use in colorectal cancer therapy. In order to achieve 5-FU-loaded NPs with an average diameter of approximately 119 nm, the parameters of MF process with fork-shaped patterns were adjusted as follows: the ratio of polymer to drug solutions flow rates was equal to 10 and the solution concentrations of PLGA as carrier, 5-FU as anti-cancer drug and poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) as surfactant were 0.2 (% w/v), 0.01 (% w/v) and 0.15 (% w/v), respectively. In this way, a drug encapsulation efficiency of approximately 95% into the PLGA NPs was obtained, due to the formation of a hydrodynamic flow focusing phenomenon through the MF chip. A performance evaluation of the NP samples in terms of the drug release, cytotoxicity and cell death was carried out. Finally, by analyzing the results after induction of cell death and 4′, 6-diamidino-2-phenylin-dole (DAPI) staining, MF-fabricated NPs containing 5-FU [0.2 (% w/v) of PLGA] revealed the dead cell amounts of 10 and 1.5-fold higher than the control sample for Caco2 and SW-480, respectively.
Highlights
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality and results in around655,000 deaths worldwide every year [1]
It has been found that a wide range of anticancer drugs, such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), has an extensive function in the treatment of CRCs, pancreas, liver, etc
poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA)—a well-known copolymer approved by the US food and drug administration (FDA)—has been extensively employed for the development of drug delivery systems based on micro- and nano-sized particles
Summary
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality and results in around655,000 deaths worldwide every year [1]. (ε-caprolactone) (PCL)/chitosan blend [6], poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) [7,8], poly (butylene adipate)/terephthalate [9], poly (methyl methacrylate) [10], poly (N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid) [11] are abundantly used biomaterials in the field. Amid these polymers, PLGA—a well-known copolymer approved by the US food and drug administration (FDA)—has been extensively employed for the development of drug delivery systems based on micro- and nano-sized particles. PLGA drug carriers can enhance the pharmaceutical/therapeutic characteristics of anticancer agents by prolonging
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