Abstract
Bottom-up processing of nanobiomaterials enables the creation of a variety of macroscopic structures in natural systems. Here, we use optical means to produce macroscopic-assembled structures of nanoparticles (NPs) from protein molecules by using light-induced bubble (LIB) generation under asymmetric pressure-driven flow in a microchannel. The broadband optical response of assembled NPs facilitates the application of photon pressure and photothermal convection when irradiated by using an infrared laser. The presence of a large amount of protein allows the generation of a vast number of stable LIBs from optically assembled metallic NP-fixed beads (MNFBs). In the case of more diluted albumin solutions, the shrinking of a single LIB can cause the aggregation of MNFBs via fg-level albumin (3.4 fg in the observation region), like a microscale bubblegum. The size of the resulting aggregate can be controlled by changing the concentration of protein. These findings can be used to devise production methods not only for broadband optical nanocomposites but also for label-free methods to detect an extremely small amount of protein.
Highlights
IntroductionNatural biological systems exhibit various unique structures and patterns at the microscopic and macroscopic scales (including Turing patterns and biological photonic crystals2) arising from the self-assembly of molecules or nanoscale composites in an evolutionary process under environmental fluctuations and external stimuli
Natural biological systems exhibit various unique structures and patterns at the microscopic and macroscopic scales arising from the self-assembly of molecules or nanoscale composites in an evolutionary process under environmental fluctuations and external stimuli
To first determine the optimal conditions for assembly by light-induced electromagnetic force (LIEF) and lightinduced convection force (LICF), gold NP-fixed beads (AuNP-FBs) were selected since the dissipative force as a component of the LIEF arising from photon momentum transfer is greatly enhanced in the IR region because of the collective phenomena of localized surface-plasmon resonances (LSPRs) via the electromagnetic field of the light,40 as shown in Fig. 2 [refer the experimentally observed extinction spectrum in Fig. S2(a) and the dissipative force in Fig. S2(b) of the supplementary material]
Summary
Natural biological systems exhibit various unique structures and patterns at the microscopic and macroscopic scales (including Turing patterns and biological photonic crystals2) arising from the self-assembly of molecules or nanoscale composites in an evolutionary process under environmental fluctuations and external stimuli. Recent developments in nanotechnology mediated by biological molecules allow us to artificially produce a variety of structures by self-assembly of DNAmodified nanoparticles (NPs) and target DNA as the binder molecule and by programmable nanoscale patterns with DNA origami techniques.. Recent developments in nanotechnology mediated by biological molecules allow us to artificially produce a variety of structures by self-assembly of DNAmodified nanoparticles (NPs) and target DNA as the binder molecule and by programmable nanoscale patterns with DNA origami techniques.13 Such assembly processes can be used for highly sensitive detection of a small amount of DNA and label-free electric detection of single nucleotide polymorphism.. If a protein can be used to remotely control the bottom-up assembly of non-biological nanomaterials with external fields, scitation.org/journal/app the production of macroscopic structures and techniques to detect biomolecules could be dramatically widened in scope
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