Abstract
Multiple medical properties and beneficial influence on health attributed to the aerial parts of Sideritis raeseri Boiss. & Heldr. subsp. raeseri indicated the need for further investigation. S. raeseri extracts were subjected to microencapsulation by the spray drying process in order to disperse and preserve unstable active compounds within a protective matrix. Two inlet air temperatures (120 and 140 ºC) were applied for the encapsulation of S. raeseri extract in a matrix composed of maltodextrin (10, 20, and 40%) or whey protein (40%). The effects of spray drying on physico-chemical properties, contents of total phenols and flavonoids, as well as of individual flavonoid glycosides of the obtained powders were determined. The 40% whey protein treatment increased bulk density (238.46 mg/mL) while it decreased hygroscopicity (14.27%). In addition, the high maltodextrin concentration of the S. raeseri powder resulted in the highest process efficiency (63.46%), the highest water solubility index (86.40%), and the lowest water absorption index (5.71%). Moreover, powders produced without maltodextrin were characterized by greater content of flavonoid glycosides. Overall, the results suggested that S. raeseri powders produced using spray-dried technique under adequate conditions could be considered as a novel functional and pharmaceutical ingredient.
Highlights
The wide use and significant role of Sideritis species as a traditional medical remedy has been reported in several ethnobotanical and pharmacological studies [1,2,3]
The results suggested that S. raeseri powders produced using spray-dried technique under adequate conditions could be considered as a novel functional and pharmaceutical ingredient
The efficiency of the spray drying process was determined through the evaluation of the recovery of S. raeseri powders (Table 1)
Summary
The wide use and significant role of Sideritis species as a traditional medical remedy has been reported in several ethnobotanical and pharmacological studies [1,2,3]. The present study was undertaken in order to investigate the influence of different carrier materials and spray drying conditions on S. raeseri extract with respect to encapsulation efficiency, moisture content, hygroscopicity, bulk density, water solubility, particle size distribution, as well as the content of total phenols, total flavonoids, and individual flavonoid glycosides. The efficiency of powder production (expressed as the weight percentage) was determined gravimetrically as the ratio of the mass of the powder obtained after spray drying and mass of total solids measured in the liquid feed. 2.3 Spray drying process The carrier materials, maltodextrin (DE19.7; 10, 20 and 40%), and whey protein (10, 20 and 40%) were used in the liquid feed, compared to the amount of total solids (w/w). Mean values were considered significantly different at p < 0.05 confidence level, after the performance of the one-way ANOVA statistical analysis followed by Tukey's HSD post hoc test
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