Microencapsulation and the Characterization of Polyherbal Formulation (PHF) Rich in Natural Polyphenolic Compounds.

Syed Hussain,Tahira Naz,Yang Wu,Yusuf Nazir,Ahsan Hameed,Yuanda Song,Hafiz Suleria

doi:10.3390/nu10070843

Abstract

Microencapsulation of polyherbal formulation (PHF) extract was carried out by freeze drying method, by employing gum arabic (GA), gelatin (GE), and maltodextrin (MD) with their designated different combinations as encapsulating wall materials. Antioxidant components (i.e., total phenolic contents (TPC), total flavonoids contents (TFC), and total condensed tannins (TCT)), antioxidant activity (i.e., DPPH, β-carotene & ABTS+ assays), moisture contents, water activity (aw), solubility, hygroscopicity, glass transition temperature (Tg), particle size, morphology, in vitroα-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition and bioavailability ratios of the powders were investigated. Amongst all encapsulated products, TB (5% GA & 5% MD) and TC (10% GA) have proven to be the best treatments with respect to the highest preservation of antioxidant components. These treatments also exhibited higher antioxidant potential by DPPH and β-carotene assays and noteworthy for an ABTS+ assays. Moreover, the aforesaid treatments also demonstrated lower moisture content, aw, particle size and higher solubility, hygroscopicity and glass transition temperature (Tg). All freeze dried samples showed irregular (asymmetrical) microcrystalline structures. Furthermore, TB and TC also illustrated the highest in vitro anti-diabetic potential due to great potency for inhibiting α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities. In the perspective of bioavailability, TA, TB and TC demonstrated the excellent bioavailability ratios (%). Furthermore, the photochemical profiling of ethanolic extract of PHF was also revealed to find out the bioactive compounds.

Highlights

In the past decade, research has been focused in exploring naturally occurring antioxidants to circumvent the multifaceted health related complexities arising due to overproduction of reactiveNutrients 2018, 10, 843; doi:10.3390/nu10070843 www.mdpi.com/journal/nutrientsNutrients 2018, 10, 843 oxygen species (ROSs) in body [1,2]
The retention for all freeze-dried treatments demonstrated in the term of percentages, ranged from 94.28% to 68.22% for total phenolic compounds (TPC), 76.46% to
40.35% for total flavonoids compounds (TFC) and 79.24% to 59.70% for total condensed tannins (TCT) representing the effectiveness of microencapsulation procedure

Summary

Introduction

Research has been focused in exploring naturally occurring antioxidants to circumvent the multifaceted health related complexities arising due to overproduction of reactiveNutrients 2018, 10, 843; doi:10.3390/nu10070843 www.mdpi.com/journal/nutrientsNutrients 2018, 10, 843 oxygen species (ROSs) in body [1,2]. The excess production of these ROSs are considered serious issue for human health as their surplus generation can lead to different patho-physiological conditions like fast aging process via damaging the nucleic acids and changing in the conformation of proteins, heart-related disorders (i.e., cardiovascular disorders (CVDs)), diverse types of cancers, immunity related dysfunctions, inflammation, membranous lipid oxidation, decline of hydroperoxide synthesis, neurodegenerative disorders, lungs and kidney illness, UV-irradiation, and osteoporosis/bone-related diseases and health-related disease called “oxidative stress” [3]. Amongst naturally-occurring antioxidants, polyphenols and their derivative compounds represented a diverse class of ubiquitous material i.e., from simple molecules to complex configuration such as phenolic acids; hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids, hydrolyzable and condensed tannins, and flavonoids, these are most important compounds for nutraceutical, therapeutics and pharmacological point of view [5,6] and revealed various health endorsing activities: antioxidant activity (i.e., free radicals scavenging, declining of hydroperoxide development, hampering the lipid oxidation), anti-diabetic, anti-malarial, and anticancer activity etc. Polyherbal formulation demonstrated vast advantages over single herbal formulation (SHF)

Methods

Results

Conclusion