Microelectronic circuits and devices

Abstract

1. Review of Linear Circuit Theory. Kirchhoff's voltage and current laws. Voltage bus notation. Definition of voltage-current characteristic. Superposition in linear circuits. Resistive circuits. Thevenin equivalent circuits. Norton equivalent circuits. Voltage and current division. Single time constant resistor-capacitor circuits. 2. Operational Amplifiers. Integrated-circuit operational amplifier. Simplified Op-amp model. Simplified Op-amp model. Ideal Op-amp approximation. Linear op-amp circuits. Nonlinear operational amplifier circuits. Nonideal properties of operational amplifiers. 3. Introduction to Nonlinear Circuit Elements. Basic properties of nonlinear elements. Graphical analysis with one nonlinear circuit element. Examples of two-terminal nonlinear devices. Graphical method with time-varying sources. Iterative mathematical solutions. Piecewise linear modeling of two-terminal nonlinear devices. 4. Signal Processing and Conditioning with Two-terminal Nonlinear Devices. The transfer characteristic. Clipping and limiting circuits. Rectifier circuits. Power supply circuits. Precision rectifier circuits. 5. Three Terminal Devices. Definition of a three terminal device. Field-effect transistors. Bipolar-junction transistor. Upward slope of transistor V-1 characteristics. Photonic devices. Temperature dependence of devices. Power limitations of device operation. 6. Basic Circuits Containing Three-Terminal Devices. Inverter configuration. Voltage-follower configuration. Current-follower configuration. Operation in the digital regime. 7. Analog Amplification. Definition of a signal. Active and passive circuits. Biasing. Small-signal modeling of analog circuits. Two-port amplifier representation. 8. Differential Amplifiers. Basic differential-amplifier topology. Differential- and common-mode signals. BJT differential amplifier. MOSFET and JFET differential amplifiers. Large-signal performance of differential amplifiers. 9. Frequency Response and Time-Dependent Circuit Behavior. Sources of capacitance and inductance in electronic circuits. Sinusoidal steady-state amplifier response. Frequency response of circuits containing capacitors. Frequency response of the differential amplifier. Time response of electronic circuits. 10. Feedback and Stability. The negative-feedback loop. General requirements of feedback circuits. Effects of feedback on amplifier performance. The four basic amplifier types. The four feedback topologies. Effect of feedback connections on amplifier port resistance. Examples of real feedback amplifiers. Feedback-loop stability. 11. Multistage and Power Amplifiers. Input and output loading. Two-port amplifier cascade. Multistage amplifier biasing. DC level shifting. Differential-amplifier cascade. Power-amplification output stages. Integrated-circuit power amplifiers. Power devices. 12. Analog Integrated Circuits. Basic operational-amplifier cascade. Case Study: The LM741 Bipolar operational amplifier. Case Study: A simple CMOS Operational Amplifier. 13. Active Filters and Oscillators. A simple first-order active filter. Ideal filter functions. Second-order filter responses. Active filter cascading. Magnitude and frequency scaling. Switched-capacitor networks and filters. Oscillators. 14. Digital Circuits. Fundamental concepts of digital circuits. CMOS logic family. NMOS logic family. TTL logic family. Emitter-coupled logic family. BiCMOS logic circuits. 15. Fundamentals of Digital Systems. Sequential logic circuits. Multivibrator circuits. Digital memory. Analog-to-digital interfacing. 16. Electronic Design. An overview of the design process. The tools of electronic design. Open-ended design problems. Analog integrated-circuit design problems. Appendix A: Physics of Semiconductor Devices. Electronic materials. Qualitative description of holes. Impurities. Carrier densities within a semiconductor. Current flow in a semiconductor. Diffusion gradient within a semiconductor. Derivation of the v-i characteristic of the PN junction diode. The bipolar junction transistor. The metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor. Appendix B: Semiconductor Device and Integrated Circuit Fabrication. An overview of the fabrication process. Epitaxial growth. Oxidation. Wafer doping. Film deposition. Wafer etching. Lithographic processing. A MOS fabrication sequence. A BJT fabrication sequence. Appendix C: Computer-Aided Circuit Design Using SPICE and PSpice. Use of SPICE. Capabilities of SPICE and PSPICE. Circuit description. Types of analyses. Generating output. References. Appendix D: Resistor Color Codes and Standard Values. Appendix E: Suggestions for Further Reading. Appendix F: Answers to Selected Problems.