Abstract
Microdissolution of calcium ions from calcium-ion-implanted titanium into nitric acid solutions (pH −0.99, 0, 1 and 2) and phosphate-citric acid buffers (pH 5.2 and 7.2) at 310K for 10 3−5 × 10 6s was characterized using X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy. As a result, the surface oxides with calcium were found to dissolve in the solutions. Oxygen decreased and titanium increased in the surface oxide according to the dissolution. In addition, hydroxyl radicals decreased in number and the proportion of Ti 4+ in titanium increased. Core-level binding energies of calcium, and titanium originating from Ti 4+, decreased with the dissolution. These changes were caused by the transformation of surface oxide according to the dissolution. Calcium dissolved and, consequently, the surface oxide became titanium oxide. It is feasible to estimate the microdissolution of an element from materials using surface analysis techniques.
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