Abstract
Microcystin-LR (2.5 µg/25 g) was injected intraperitoneally to the fish Heteropneustes fossilis on day 1, 10 and 20 kept in either freshwater or freshwater containing ZnCl2. The fishes were killed on day 5, 10, 20 and 30 day. The serum calcium levels was estimated and ultimobranchial glands were processed for routine histology. Microcystin-LR administration to fish Heteropneustes fossilis induced hypocalcemia and ultimobranchial gland exhibit decreased nuclear volume of the ultimobranchial cells. Degenerative ultimobranchial gland cells were obtained after day 20. While the fish injected with MC-LR kept in ZnCl2 has shown no change in serum calcium levels as well as in histology of ultimobranchial gland cells.
Highlights
Cyanobacteria or blue green algae, proliferate in water bodies such as lakes, ponds, reservoirs and slow running streams when nutrients are available and the water is warm
There was no perceivable change in the serum calcium level in group A fishes throughout the experiment
In microcystin-LR injected fish kept in ZnCl2, the serum calcium level showed no perceivable change throughout the experiment
Summary
Cyanobacteria or blue green algae, proliferate in water bodies such as lakes, ponds, reservoirs and slow running streams when nutrients are available and the water is warm. Cyanobacteria, well recognized for their ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen, are the most primitive gram negative, oxygenic photosynthesizer prokaryotes. Several species of cyanobacteria are known to produce toxins, these are microcystins, out of which a few are toxic. Toxic cyanobacteria have been reported from marine, brackish water and freshwater habitat throughout the world (Kumar and Sinha, 2014). The first report regarding toxic cyanobacteria (Nodularia spcimigena) was published by (Francis, 1878), which prompted many workers in several countries to investigate the same. Wide occurrence of toxic cyanobacterial blooms are creating serious problems in freshwater environment (Carmichael, 1992; 1994; Sivonen, 1996; Codd et al, 1999; Tyagi et al, 1999; Nasri et al, 2004; Wiegand and Pflugmacher, 2005)
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