Abstract
AbstractTriaxial and uniaxial compression tests have been carried out at –10°C on granular ice in order to study the role of microcracking on failure in the ductile-brittle transition zone. In the triaxial tests, the effect of confining pressure and strain rate on the crack population, as well as on strength and strain at the peak stress, was investigated. In the uniaxial tests, we measured the evolution of elastic and non-elastic components of deformation with the stress-strain history. The concept of effective stress, with a single scalar damage variable, was used to calculate the effect of microcracking on the strain components.
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