Abstract
Ultrasonic wave technology is widely used during dental treatments. We previously demonstrated that this method protects the gingival tissue. However, the physiological change on the gingival microvasculature caused by this method remains unclear. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the morphological and physiological effects on gingival microcirculation when preparing teeth, using the conventional dental turbine or ultrasonic method.Methodology The lower premolar teeth of beagle dogs were prepared along the gingival margin by using a dental turbine or ultrasonic wave instrument. Gingival vasculature changes were investigated using scanning electron microscopy for corrosion resin casts. Gingival blood flow at the preparation site was determined simultaneously by laser Doppler flowmetry. These assessments were performed immediately (Day 0), at 7 days and 30 days after tooth preparation.Results At day 0, in the turbine group, blood vessels were destroyed and some resin leaked. Furthermore, gingival blood flow at the site was significantly increased. In contrast, the ultrasonic group demonstrated nearly normal vasculature and gingival blood flow similar to the non-prepared group for 30 days after preparation. No significant alterations occurred in gingival circulation 30 days after either preparation; however, the turbine group revealed obvious morphological changes.Conclusions Based on multiple approach analyses, this study demonstrated that ultrasonic waves are useful for microvascular protection in tooth preparation. Compared with a dental turbine, ultrasonic wave instruments caused minimal damage to gingival microcirculation. Tooth preparation using ultrasonic wave instruments could be valuable for protecting periodontal tissue.
Highlights
Ultrasonic wave technology is commonly used during dental treatments
On Day 0 of tooth preparation, bleeding occurred along the margin in the turbine group
After 30 days of tooth preparation, a vascular loop had formed in the marginal gingiva in both groups (Figure 1G, H); blood vessels were extended in the turbine group (Figure 1H; arrows)
Summary
Ultrasonic wave technology is commonly used during dental treatments. An ultrasonic scaler is used for periodontal and endodontic treatment,[1] whereas an ultrasonic knife is used during oral surgery.[2] Tooth preparation is typically conducted 0.5 mm under the gingival margin. When using rotating instruments (e.g., dental air turbine), a part of the gingiva is damaged, thereby causing bleeding. Ultrasonic instrument is useful for tooth preparation since it maintains the margins in better condition.[3,4] this instrument provides sufficient dentin-cutting capacity without injuring the marginal periodontium.[5]. We previously demonstrated that this method protects the microcirculatory system in the gingival tissue.[6]. Its influence on the physiology of the gingival microvasculature remains unclear
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