Microchip Immunoassays for Monitoring Renal Function: Rapid, Low-Cost, and Highly Sensitive Quantification of Urinary Biomarkers of Diabetic Nephropathy.

Yoshinobu Baba,Shin’Ichi Akiyama,Yukio Yuzawa,Toshihiro Kasama,Manabu Tokeshi,Noritada Kaji,Seiichi Matsuo,Miaomiao Sun

doi:10.3390/mi12111353

Abstract

This study developed low-cost and highly sensitive immunoassay devices possessing the ability to rapidly analyze urine samples. Further, they can quantitatively detect three biomarkers indicating renal injury: monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), angiotensinogen (AGT), and liver-type fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP). The devices were used to successfully estimate the concentrations of the three biomarkers in urine samples within 2 min; the results were consistent with those obtained via conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), which requires several hours. In addition, the estimated detection limits for the three biomarkers were comparable to those of commercially available ELISA kits. Thus, the proposed and fabricated devices facilitate high-precision and frequent monitoring of renal function.

Highlights

Patients diagnosed with diabetes continue to increase globally owing to changes in social environments and lifestyle habits
We demonstrated the quantitative detection of the three biomarkers for the progression of diabetic nephropathy in both standard solutions and urine samples
The concentrations of the three biomarkers of diabetic nephropathy in patient urine samples were estimated by adopting the external standard method

Summary

Introduction

Patients diagnosed with diabetes continue to increase globally owing to changes in social environments and lifestyle habits. This disease must be focused upon to aid in the development of effective health measures. 2019, stated that the global diabetes population, currently comprising 463 million people, is expected to increase to 700 million by 2045 [1]. In Japan, diabetic nephropathy is the primary cause of end-stage renal failure, accounting for 43.7% of new dialysis patients [3]. Japan has the largest (per population) number of dialysis patients among the major countries in the world, amounting to approximately 334,000 people [4]

Methods

Results

Conclusion