Microcalcifications of the breast: a mammographic-histologic correlation study using a newly designed Path/Rad Tissue Tray

Abstract

The introduction of screening mammography has brought about a greater knowledge of early breast cancer characteristics. These improvements have led to a reduction in size of suspicious lesions and a shift from surgical to image-guided core needle biopsies (CNBs). Establishing correlation between histologic and imaging findings is required for accurate diagnosis. Currently, there are no standardized multidisciplinary protocols for evaluating such lesions. We correlated histologic and radiologic findings in mammographically detectable calcified lesions in CNBs using specially designed Path/Rad Tissue Trays (patent pending, University of Kansas). Evidence of calcification was analyzed in 440 with and without the use of tissue trays. After mammographic identification of the lesion, CNBs are harvested, placed in tissue trays, and x-rayed to confirm sampling of the lesion. Images of CNBs with calcifications are marked by the radiologists and sent to the pathologist along with the biopsies. Trays with CNBs are then placed into cassettes and sent to the laboratory where they are embedded without disturbing orientation. Identification and localization of targeted microcalcifications were accomplished by radiologists and pathologists in 68 of 71 cases when using the tissue trays compared with 292 of 369 without tissue trays. Confirmation of microcalcifications was accomplished after deeper sectioning into tissue blocks from discordant cases. In conclusion, a systematic approach is recommended to standardize reporting of calcifications. The use of Path/Rad Tissue Trays has created a level of concordance between pathologists and radiologists that previously did no exist. It improved diagnostic reliability, encouraged communication between pathologists and radiologists, and minimized false diagnoses and/or delays in cancer diagnosis.