Abstract
Recognized sources of acoustic scatter in the ocean are fishes and other biological life containing swim bladders or air pockets. Such sources are in sufficiently low volume concentration that they are identifiable as discrete scatterers and contribute to volume reverberation principally at frequencies approaching the resonances of the air cavities for which the scatter cross sections exceed physical cross sections by one to two orders of magnitude. A review of reverberation data obtained with high-resolution depth sensors discloses instances of significant diffuse scatter. The hypothesis is advanced that this scatter arises from stabilized microbubbles, and further, that these populations of microbubbles are also responsible for a reduction of acoustic velocity measured in situ, as compared with computed values based on temperature, depth, and salinity.
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