Microbiota of Initial Periodontitis in Adults

Abstract

This paper reviews our recent studies of the microbiota and host response of initial periodontitis. Understanding the initial stages of periodontitis will allow appropriate early treatment and prevention strategies. Out studies aimed to determine the major bacterial species that differentiated initial periodontitis from health, and evaluate whether subjects with initial periodontitis differed in serum IgG reactivity to putative initial periodontitis pathogens compared with healthy subjects. Initial periodontitis was characterized clinically using longitudinal periodontial attachment level measurements. Progressing periodontal loss was detected at interproximal (initial periodontitis), and buccal (progressing recession) locations from the study population of minimally periodontally diseased subjects. Initial periodontitis was characterized microbiologically by elevated proportions of Bacteroides forsythus, Selenomonas noxia and Campylobacter rectus when compared with non-periodontitis sites. The immunological checkerboard assay did not detect differences in serum IgG reactivity among healthy, gingivitis or initial periodontitis subjects, or changes in reactivity co-incident with detection of initial peridontitis. Clinical, microbiological and immunological characterization of initial periodontitis was consistent with infection-associated Gram-negative anaerobic periodontal species. Progressing recession sites were colonized byActinomyces and Streptococcus species, as were healthy sites. Progressing recession sites demonstrated periodontal loss that appeared unrelated to infection and appeared to be consistent with a traumatic tooth brushing etiology. Different types of lesions will require different approaches to therapy and prevention.