Microbiota and Mycotoxins in Trilinear Hybrid Maize Produced in Natural Environments at Central Region in Mexico

Peña Betancourt,Silvia Denise

doi:10.4236/aim.2016.69066

Abstract

Mycotoxigenic fungi and mycotoxins in 3 inbred lines (hybrids resistant to corn ear rot) were identified in twenty samples. The maize (Zea mays) accessions were collected in five plots of two municipalities in High Valley, state of Hidalgo. The fungal population was determined with a microbiological dilution method used two culture media (PDA and ELA), for the detection of mycotoxins with thin layer chromatography with visual inspection in UV light and a direct competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA). The results showed high moisture content in all hybrids evaluated on an average of 38.3% and a 1.8 × 103 UFC/g fungus, values within the permitted limits by the Mexican legislation; however the most prevalent fungi were Fusarium sp. (76%), Alternaria sp. (14%), Penicillium sp. (4%) and Aspergillus sp. (5%), and the species Aspergillus nidulas, Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium verticillioides, Fusarium poae, and Penicillium ochraceum. The aflatoxin concentration was observed in a range from 2 to 13 ng/g and 370 to 660 ng/g to fumonisins. It is concluded that trilinear corn hybrids have a variety of pathogenic potential fungi. The two genetic hybrids showed levels of aflatoxins and fumonisin safe for human consumption, contrary to one hybrid, with a content not suitable for human consumption. A better understanding of genetic hybrids corn will improve predictive mycotoxin contamination.

Highlights

In Mexico, 19.7 million tons of corn annually occurs in an area of 7.4 million hectares, with enormous variationsHow to cite this paper: Betancourt, P. and Denise, S. (2016) Microbiota and Mycotoxins in Trilinear Hybrid Maize Produced in Natural Environments at Central Region in Mexico
It should be noted that fungal colonies were identified in grains of corn hybrids, such as Fusarium species, Alternaria and Aspergillus, in agree with other authors
The count of colony forming units it was found within the national legislation, is not desirable because the grain remain in storage for long periods sometimes

Summary

Introduction

In Mexico, 19.7 million tons of corn annually occurs in an area of 7.4 million hectares, with enormous variationsHow to cite this paper: Betancourt, P. and Denise, S. (2016) Microbiota and Mycotoxins in Trilinear Hybrid Maize Produced in Natural Environments at Central Region in Mexico. How to cite this paper: Betancourt, P. and Denise, S. (2016) Microbiota and Mycotoxins in Trilinear Hybrid Maize Produced in Natural Environments at Central Region in Mexico. Denise in production from one year to another [1], principally due to the attacks by fungus that can cause losses of up to 20% in harvest [2] [3]. The introduction of hybrid maize comes from three pure lines, with a resistance to fungus, which had improved productivity in some maize growing areas [4] [5]. In 2006, the central region from Hidalgo State, had losses in corn harvest, when appearing on their land plants falls, cobs smaller grain discolored dark and leaves with the presence of a pink powder

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