Abstract
In recent years, increased attention has been paid to the relationship between microbiota and various diseases, especially immune-mediated diseases. Because conventional therapy for many autoimmune diseases is limited both in efficacy and safety, there is an increased interest in identifying nutraceuticals, particularly probiotics, able to modulate the microbiota and ameliorate these diseases. In this review, we analyzed the research focused on the role of gut microbiota and skin in immunity, their role in immune-mediated skin diseases (IMSDs), and the beneficial effect of probiotics in patients with this pathology. We selected articles published between 2009 and 2019 in PubMed and ScienceDirect that provided information regarding microbiota, IMSDs and the role of probiotics in these diseases. We included results from different types of studies including observational and interventional clinical trials or in vivo and in vitro experimental studies. Our results showed that probiotics have a beneficial effect in changing the microbiota of patients with IMSDs; they also influence disease progression. Further studies are needed to better understand the impact of new therapies on intestinal microbiota. It is also important to determine whether the microbiota of patients with autoimmune diseases can be manipulated in order to restore homeostasis of the microbiota.
Highlights
IntroductionThe 1940s was called the “golden age of antibiotics” because it followed the discovery of penicillin by Fleming et al and the production of penicillin on an industrial scale [1]
Antibiotic therapy is one of the most effective forms of therapy known to man
This review aims to analyze recent information supporting an association between the gut and skin microbiota composition, immune-mediated skin diseases (IMSDs), and the beneficial effect of probiotics in these pathologies
Summary
The 1940s was called the “golden age of antibiotics” because it followed the discovery of penicillin by Fleming et al and the production of penicillin on an industrial scale [1]. For this reason, most researchers have focused on identifying pathogenic bacteria and developing antimicrobial substances against these species. Antibiotics are recognized for their utility in treating and preventing bacterial infections. They have a negative impact on the commensal (good) bacteria of the body. Probiotics (bios or “for life”) are defined as viable species of microorganisms that, when administered, modulate gastrointestinal flora and provide health benefits [2,3,4]
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