Abstract
Over the last few decades a new frontier has been discovered: the human microbiome. Completed in 2012, the National Institutes of Health Human Microbiome Project used the newly developed 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid sequencing technology to give us our first insight into this newly appreciated ecosystem. These initial investigations led us to discover that the variety of organisms inhabiting the human host is wider than ever imagined, and include not just bacteria, but fungi, archaea, viruses, and protozoa. Since, there has been an explosion of interest into the role of the microbiome, catalyzing the generation of newer technologies and microbiome-focused institutes to deeply investigate how the composition and function of the microbiota precisely define the importance of the host–microbe interaction.
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