Microbiome of Odontogenic Abscesses.

Hans-Peter Howaldt,Markus Weigel,Silke Zechel-Gran,Sebastian Böttger,Jörn Pons-Kühnemann,Eugen Domann,Philipp Streckbein,Torsten Hain,Michael Knitschke,Sameh Attia,Jan-Falco Wilbrand,Daniel Schmermund

doi:10.3390/microorganisms9061307

Hans-Peter Howaldt, Markus Weigel + Show 10 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9061307

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Abstract

Severe odontogenic abscesses are regularly caused by bacteria of the physiological oral microbiome. However, the culture of these bacteria is often prone to errors and sometimes does not result in any bacterial growth. Furthermore, various authors found completely different bacterial spectra in odontogenic abscesses. Experimental 16S rRNA gene next-generation sequencing analysis was used to identify the microbiome of the saliva and the pus in patients with a severe odontogenic infection. The microbiome of the saliva and the pus was determined for 50 patients with a severe odontogenic abscess. Perimandibular and submandibular abscesses were the most commonly observed diseases at 15 (30%) patients each. Polymicrobial infections were observed in 48 (96%) cases, while the picture of a mono-infection only occurred twice (4%). On average, 31.44 (±12.09) bacterial genera were detected in the pus and 41.32 (±9.00) in the saliva. In most cases, a predominantly anaerobic bacterial spectrum was found in the pus, while saliva showed a similar oral microbiome to healthy individuals. In the majority of cases, odontogenic infections are polymicrobial. Our results indicate that these are mainly caused by anaerobic bacterial strains and that aerobic and facultative anaerobe bacteria seem to play a more minor role than previously described by other authors. The 16S rRNA gene analysis detects significantly more bacteria than conventional methods and molecular methods should therefore become a part of routine diagnostics in medical microbiology.

Highlights

IntroductionOdontogenic abscesses are among the most common inflammatory diseases in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery
50 50 patients with a severe odontogenic abscess were treated with incision and drainage at the University a severe odontogenic abscess were treated with incision and drainage at the University addition to the normal microbiological standard examination
The aim of this study was to determine the oral microbiome in saliva and the microbiome of the pus of abscesses, respectively, in patients with extensive odontogenic infections using 16S rRNA gene analysis, next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics

Summary

Introduction

Odontogenic abscesses are among the most common inflammatory diseases in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery. Most of these abscesses are localized and can be successfully treated by abscess incision intraorally. Larger abscesses often show a tendency to spread and are usually incised extraorally using general anesthesia [1]. If left untreated, such abscesses can cause severe local and systemic complications and can even lead to death [1,2,3]

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