Microbiome in maintained periodontitis and its shift over a single maintenance interval of 3months.

Abstract

To assess the subgingival microbial shift of maintained periodontitis treated by ultrasonic scaling (US) or air polishing (AP) during a 3-month maintenance interval. We conducted a 12-week randomized split-mouth controlled trial with US and AP in 17 maintained subjects (bleeding on probing [BOP%] ≤25%, probing depth [PD] ≤5mm). They were monitored at baseline, week 2, week 8 and week 12. The V3-V4 region of the 16S rDNA from 136 subgingival plaque samples was sequenced and analysed. Treatment by US or AP could effectively reduce the PD, microbial richness, diversity, periodontitis-associated microbiota and pathogenic metabolism in maintained periodontitis. Bacteria recolonized after treatment and returned to the pre-treatment level 12weeks after treatment. Ultrasonic scaling group demonstrated slight advantage in reducing BOP (%), pathogenic bacteria and metabolism than AP group. Pathogenic microbiota and commensal microbiota kept a balance in subgingival community of maintained patients during the 3-month interval. Treatment by US or AP effectively reduced the pathogenicity of subgingival microbiome by reducing microbial diversity, proportion of periodontitis-associated microbiota and pathogenic metabolism. It helped to keep a balanced subgingival community and stable periodontal condition over a single maintenance interval of 3months.