Abstract
Previously, we demonstrated that silver nanoparticle-dispersed silane-based coating could inhibit biofilm formation in conditions where seawater was used as a bacterial source and circulated in a closed laboratory biofilm reactor. However, it is still unclear whether the microbiome of a biofilm of silver nanoparticle-dispersed silane-based coating samples (Ag) differs from that of a biofilm of non-dispersed silane-based coating samples (Non-Ag). This study aimed to perform a microbiome analysis of the biofilms grown on the aforementioned coatings using a next-generation sequencing (NGS) technique. For this, a biofilm formation test was conducted by allowing seawater to flow through a closed laboratory biofilm reactor; subsequently, DNAs extracted from the biofilms of Ag and Non-Ag were used to prepare 16S rRNA amplicon libraries to analyze the microbiomes by NGS. Results of the operational taxonomy unit indicated that the biofilms of Non-Ag and Ag comprised one and no phyla of archaea, respectively, whereas Proteobacteria was the dominant phylum for both biofilms. Additionally, in both biofilms, Non-Ag and Ag, Marinomonas was the primary bacterial group involved in early stage biofilm formation, whereas Anaerospora was primarily involved in late-stage biofilm formation. These results indicate that silver nanoparticles will be unrelated to the bacterial composition of biofilms on the surface of silane-based coatings, while they control biofilm formation there.
Highlights
A ship’s engine room has a plumbing system that includes a power unit, steam pipes, heat exchangers and fuel pipes
We compared the microbiomes of stored seawater samples (Seawater), of biofilms on the surface of non-dispersed silane-based coating samples (Non-Ag) and of biofilms on the surface of silver nanoparticle-dispersed silane-based coating samples (Ag)
Three archaea were detected in Seawater; two archaea were detected on the biofilms of Non-Ag; and no archaea were detected on the biofilms of Ag (Table 1)
Summary
A ship’s engine room has a plumbing system that includes a power unit, steam pipes, heat exchangers and fuel pipes. Seawater is used in the ship’s cooling system; this can lead to biofouling. Biofouling is a series of bioprocesses where material surfaces are initially covered by conditioning films of non-organic polymers, followed by biofilm formation by microorganisms, such as bacteria and archaea, and by macroorganisms, such as algae and balanoids, which adhere to the surface [1]. Biofouling reduces the efficiency of heat exchange in the cooling system, and it may at times result in the destruction of heat exchange pipes [2,3,4]. Antibiotics 2018, 7, 91 stage in biofouling is biofilm formation. Biofilms are composed of bacteria and their extracellular polymeric substrates and can cause microbially-influenced corrosion (MIC) of steel [5,6]
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