Microbiological Safety of Ready-to-Eat Foods in Hospital and University Canteens in Hanoi, Vietnam

Abstract

The aim of this study was to analyze and document the microbiological safety and quality of ready-to-eat foods in hospital and university canteens in Hanoi, Vietnam. In total, 420 ready-to-eat food products from 21 canteens were sampled in July 2018 and May 2019. The ratio of samples exceeding the unsatisfactory level for total plate count was 31%. Escherichia coli, Listeria, and Staphylococcus aureus were detected in 35 (8.3%), 99 (24%), and 46 (11%) samples, with 3, 10, and 0% exceeding the unsatisfactory level, respectively. The total plate count, Listeria, Bacillus cereus, E. coli, and S. aureus ranged from below detection limit to 5 × 109, 4.6 × 105, 6.2 × 103, 3.4 × 103, and 7.6 × 103 CFU/g, respectively. L. monocytogenes was isolated from 3 (0.7%) of 420 samples. In addition, 21 (5%) of 410 samples were contaminated with Salmonella. Overall, our data indicate frequent problems with the microbiological quality and safety of these canteen foods in Hanoi and provide a baseline measurement that will allow environmental health officers and food microbiologists to develop targeted intervention strategies to reduce the economic and public health risk associated with these foods.